What is the definition of an imperfection in welding?

What is a defect in welding terms?

According to BS EN ISO 6520-1, how many groups are welding imperfections classified into?

Which of the following is NOT a group of imperfections in ISO 6520-1?

Why is correct identification of imperfections important?

Cracks in welds are significant because:

Cracks may occur in:

Crater cracks are found only in:

Which type of crack is hydrogen induced?

Lamellar tearing occurs only in:

Solidification cracks usually occur:

Liquation cracks occur in which zone?

Which impurities increase the risk of solidification cracking?

Contamination with which low melting point metals should be avoided to prevent cracking?

Hydrogen induced cracks are also known as:

Hydrogen cracking usually occurs in which region?

Minimum hardness for hydrogen susceptible microstructure is:

Which temperature is associated with hydrogen cracking susceptibility?

Which hydrogen level causes cracking?

One method to avoid hydrogen cracking is:

Which filler type reduces hydrogen cracking risk?

Lamellar tearing shows what characteristic feature?

Lamellar tearing results from:

To avoid lamellar tearing, use:

Cavities in welds include:

Gas pores are essentially:

Which is NOT a cause of gas pores?

Worm holes are caused by:

Worm holes may appear on radiograph as:

Surface porosity is caused by:

Crater pipe is defined as:

Which welding process particularly suffers from crater pipe issues?

Solid inclusions in welds are:

Which inclusion is specific to flux processes?

Tungsten inclusions appear on radiographs as:

Lack of fusion occurs due to:

Lack of inter-run fusion produces:

Lack of root fusion can be prevented by:

Incomplete penetration is:

Partial penetration welds are acceptable when:

Undercut is:

Undercut is usually caused by:

Excess weld metal is considered imperfection when:

Excess weld metal can cause:

Excess penetration is:

Overlap is caused by:

Overlap is often associated with:

Linear misalignment is due to:

Angular distortion differs from linear misalignment in that:

Incompletely filled groove occurs due to:

Irregular width is mainly caused by:

Root concavity is:

Burn-through results in:

Stray arc is caused by:

Arc strike can produce:

Spatter refers to:

Which shielding gas increases spatter?

Spatter mainly indicates:

Torn surface results from:

Grinding mark is classified as:

Chipping mark is caused by:

Underflushing means:

Misalignment of opposite runs is:

Temper colour indicates:

Welding imperfections can:

Prior to service, imperfections must be:

Lack of fusion is defined as:

Lack of sidewall fusion occurs when:

Which is NOT a cause of lack of sidewall fusion?

Increasing arc voltage and current or reducing travel speed helps prevent:

Lack of inter-run fusion is the lack of union:

A common cause of inter-run fusion failure is:

Which corrective action prevents lack of inter-run fusion?

Inaccurate bead placement can lead to:

Lack of root fusion occurs at:

Which factor contributes to root fusion problems?

A large root face may cause:

Incorrect electrode angle can result in:

Excessive inductance in MAG dip transfer welding can cause:

Lack of penetration is defined as:

Excessively thick root face may lead to:

Which welding technique improves incomplete penetration?

Excessive inductance in MAG dip transfer welding may cause:

Using vertical-up welding instead of vertical-down helps prevent:

Incomplete root penetration occurs when:

Causes of incomplete root penetration are the same as for:

Undercut is defined as:

Which factor causes undercut?

Attempting a fillet weld in PB position with leg length >9mm may cause:

Incorrect electrode angle can result in:

Excess weld metal is regarded as imperfection when:

Excess arc energy in SAW/MAG welding causes:

Too slow travel speed leads to:

Wrong polarity (DC-ve instead of DC+ve) may cause:

Excess penetration is defined as:

Excess heat input results in:

Excessive root gap can cause:

Lack of welder skill may lead to:

Overlap occurs when:

High heat input and low travel speed in fillet welds may cause:

Sagging defect is associated with:

Linear misalignment is:

Angular distortion differs from linear misalignment because:

Incompletely filled groove occurs due to:

Incompletely filled groove reduces:

Irregular width occurs due to:

Root concavity is:

Excessive TIG backing gas pressure causes:

Burn-through occurs due to:

Excessive root gap leads to:

Stray arc is caused by:

Missing insulation on electrode holder may result in:

Spatter consists of:

High arc current and long arc length cause:

Which shielding gas causes spatter problems?

Spatter is considered

Torn surface arises due to:

Grinding marks are classified as:

Temper colour is:

All acceptance standards completely reject:

In exceptional cases cracks may remain if:

Acceptance standards for imperfections are usually in:

If imperfection is shallow, repair may be done by:

If defect is too deep:

Weld repair must always follow:

Higher reassurance repair qualification involves:

Lamellar tearing occurs only in:

The characteristic appearance of lamellar tearing is:

Lamellar tearing generally occurs when:

Non-metallic inclusions responsible for lamellar tearing are usually:

The horizontal parts of lamellar tearing cracks form due to:

The vertical parts of lamellar tearing are generally produced by:

Which measure helps prevent lamellar tearing?

Another method to reduce lamellar tearing risk is:

Gas cavity in a weld is usually:

Porosity in welds may occur as:

A common cause of porosity is:

How to prevent porosity caused by damp fluxes?

Contaminated surfaces with grease/water lead to:

Air entrapment in shielding gas can be prevented by:

Too high a shielding gas flow rate may cause:

Worm holes in welds are:

A herringbone array on a radiograph indicates:

Surface porosity is defined as:

Free-cutting steels with high sulphur may cause:

Shielding gas loss due to draughts causes:

Crater pipe is usually caused by:

Crater pipe occurs more often in:

Prevention of crater pipe involves:

Solid inclusions in weld metal are:

Slag inclusions differ from gas pores by being:

Incomplete slag removal between runs can cause:

Which action prevents slag flooding ahead of the arc?

Flux inclusions appear only in:

Oxide inclusions are mainly caused by:

Puckering is a type of:

Gross oxide film enfoldment is due to:

Tungsten inclusions appear light on radiographs because

Tungsten particles enter the weld pool mainly by:

Prevention of tungsten inclusion requires:

Contact between filler metal and hot electrode tip may cause:

Splits or cracks in tungsten electrode lead to:

Excessive electrode extension beyond collet results in:

Inadequate shielding gas flow can cause:

Excessive welding current beyond electrode capacity causes:

Gas porosity can be prevented by:

Worm holes form due to:

Worm holes on radiograph appear:

Surface porosity is often aggravated by:

Crater pipes are prevented by:

Slag inclusions may also be caused by:

Flux inclusion is due to:

Flux inclusion prevention includes:

Oxide inclusion in aluminium is called:

Tungsten inclusions can be prevented by:

Inadequate post-gas flow after arc stop may cause: